Standard: 
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemi­cal reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. As a basis for 
understanding this concept: 
a. Students know cells are enclosed within semipermeable membranes that regulate their interaction with their surroundings. 
b. Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the 
temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings. 
c. Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure.  
e. Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins.