Physiology
9. As a result of the coordinated structures and functions of organ systems, the internal
environment of the human body remains relatively stable (homeostatic) despite
changes in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides
cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon
dioxide.
b. Students know how the nervous system mediates communication between differ
ent parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the environment.
c. Students know how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate
conditions in the body.
d. Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in
transmitting electrochemical impulses.
e. Students know the roles of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in
sensation, thought, and response.
f.* Students know the individual functions and sites of secretion of digestive enzymes
(amylases, proteases, nucleases, lipases), stomach acid, and bile salts.
g.* Students know the homeostatic role of the kidneys in the removal of nitrogenous
wastes and the role of the liver in blood detoxification and glucose balance.
h.* Students know the cellular and molecular basis of muscle contraction, including
the roles of actin, myosin, Ca+2
, and ATP.
i.* Students know how hormones (including digestive, reproductive, osmoregula
tory) provide internal feedback mechanisms for homeostasis at the cellular level
and in whole organisms.
9. As a result of the coordinated structures and functions of organ systems, the internal
environment of the human body remains relatively stable (homeostatic) despite
changes in the outside environment. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides
cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon
dioxide.
b. Students know how the nervous system mediates communication between differ
ent parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the environment.
c. Students know how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate
conditions in the body.
d. Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in
transmitting electrochemical impulses.
e. Students know the roles of sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in
sensation, thought, and response.
f.* Students know the individual functions and sites of secretion of digestive enzymes
(amylases, proteases, nucleases, lipases), stomach acid, and bile salts.
g.* Students know the homeostatic role of the kidneys in the removal of nitrogenous
wastes and the role of the liver in blood detoxification and glucose balance.
h.* Students know the cellular and molecular basis of muscle contraction, including
the roles of actin, myosin, Ca+2
, and ATP.
i.* Students know how hormones (including digestive, reproductive, osmoregula
tory) provide internal feedback mechanisms for homeostasis at the cellular level
and in whole organisms.